For the most part, Ethiopian investigators are blaming Boeing for last year’s crash of a 737 Max jet shortly after takeoff, saying in an interim report Monday that there were design failures and inadequate training for pilots. The update from Ethiopia Aircraft Accident Investigation Bureau (a day before the anniversary of the crash) pointed to the role of a new flight-control system that Boeing installed on the 737 Max and which repeatedly pushed the nose of the plane down.

All 157 people on board were killed when flight 302 crashed into a field six minutes after takeoff from Addis Ababa. Every Max jet worldwide was grounded within days of that crash.

What we know

The flight control system, called MCAS, for Maneuvering Characteristics Augmentation System, defeated the pilots’ efforts to control the plane. When it triggered for the fourth and final time, the pilots fought back on their control columns, but the nose of the plane sank even more and the jet flew even faster.

Shortly before impact, the jet plummeted toward Earth at 925 kph (575 mph) at the rate of more than 1,500 metre (5,000 feet) per minute, with its nose tilted down at a 40-degree angle, according to the report.

The investigators issued several recommendations to Boeing in the report and placed little blame on the airline or its pilots. In that regard, the Ethiopian update differed from a final report that Indonesian investigators issued after a 737 Max operated by Lion Air crashed in October 2018.

Data in the Ethiopian update, however, could renew questions about the pilots’ decision to turn MCAS back on after first disabling it when the plane’s nose pitched down. One aeronautics expert said restoring power to MCAS doomed the flight.

What we don’t know

A full analysis of the crash is expected later this year with a final report. It’s not clear whether Ethiopian investigators will then place most of the blame on Boeing and MCAS, or how much, if any, blame will be assessed to the pilots. The interim report also doesn’t have a full transcript of the cockpit voice recorder.

Why it’s important

The final report could influence how soon the US Federal Aviation Administration will let the grounded Max fly again. It also will be helpful in training pilots on how to handle the blizzard of alarms that go off when a plane starts having problems so they can diagnose the trouble and deal with the most critical things.